Ear Infections: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Are you feeling discomfort, constant pressure, or noticing pus draining from your ear? Or is your child pulling their ears? These are common signs of an ear infection. Ear infections can have different symptoms depending on the type and can affect people in various ways. Let’s take a closer look at ear infections, including their causes, symptoms, and how to manage them.

What causes ear infections?

Ear infections are usually caused by bacteria or viruses. They often happen after a cold, flu, or allergies when fluid builds up in the ear and can't drain properly. This trapped fluid creates the perfect environment for germs to grow, leading to an infection.

Signs of an ear infection?

The signs of an ear infection can include:

• Ear pain or discomfort
• Trouble hearing clearly
• Fluid or pus draining from the ear
• A feeling of pressure or fullness in the ear

Signs of an ear infection can vary, but the most common ones include ear pain or discomfort, a feeling of pressure or fullness inside the ear, and trouble hearing clearly. In some cases, you might notice fluid or pus draining from the ear, which is a clear sign of infection. These symptoms can change depending on the type and severity of the infection.

Ear infections in children

Ear infections are common in children and can happen because of colds, allergies, or other illnesses. Kids are more likely to get ear infections because their Eustachian tubes (which help drain fluids from the ear) are shorter and more horizontal.

Ear Infections Symptoms

• Pulling their ear
• Being upset
• Trouble sleeping or waking up often at night
• Fluid or pus coming out of the ear
• Difficulty hearing or not responding to sounds
• A fever, usually over 100°F
• Having trouble eating

If your child has any of these signs, it’s a good idea to see an audiologist for proper treatment.

Outer Ear Infections Explained

An outer ear infection, also known as swimmer's ear, occurs when bacteria or fungi infect the outer ear canal. This usually happens when water gets trapped in the ear after swimming or if the skin inside the ear is irritated or scratched.

Outer Ear Infection Symptoms

•  Redness on the outer ear
•  Itchiness
•  Ear pain and congestion
•  Yellow or yellowgreen discharge
•  Swollen ear or neck
•  Hearing changes or loss
•  Fever

Inner Ear Infections Explained

An inner ear infection affects the innermost part of the ear, which helps control balance and hearing. These infections are less common but can lead to dizziness, balance issues, and hearing changes.

Inner Ear Infection Symptoms

•  Dizziness or vertigo
•  Nausea or vomiting
•  Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
•  Hearing loss 
•  Feeling of fullness in the ear
•  Trouble with balance

Middle Ear Infections Explained

A middle ear infection happens when the area behind the eardrum gets infected, often due to a cold or respiratory issue. It’s especially common in children but can affect adults as well.

Middle Ear Infection Symptoms

•  Ear pain, often sharp or stabbing
•  Pressure or fullness in the ear
•  Fluid or pus draining from the ear
•  Hearing loss 
•  Fever

Possible Complications of an Ear Infection

The possible complications of an ear infection can include:

• Hearing loss
• Spread of infection to nearby tissues
• Balance issues
• Chronic or recurring infections

Complications from ear infections can occur if they are not treated properly. Hearing loss can be temporary or permanent, depending on the severity of the infection. The infection might spread, leading to more serious health problems. Balance issues may arise due to the role of the ear in maintaining equilibrium. Some individuals may experience chronic or recurring infections, which require more intensive management.

How Are Ear Infections Treated?

Ear infections are typically treated through:

• Medications (antibiotics or antifungals)
• Ear drops
• Warm compresses
• Possibly surgical intervention

Treating an ear infection generally involves medications to clear the infection, such as antibiotics or antifungals. Ear drops can help relieve pain and inflammation. Applying warm compresses can provide additional comfort. In more severe cases, surgery might be necessary to drain fluid or address complications.

How Are Ear Infections Diagnosed?

Ear infections are diagnosed through:

• Physical examination with an otoscope
• Discussing symptoms and medical history
• Hearing tests

To diagnose an ear infection, a audiologist will conduct a physical examination using an otoscope to view the ear canal. They will ask about symptoms and medical history to understand the issue better. Hearing tests may be performed to assess any hearing loss.

How Can You Prevent Ear Infections?

Preventing ear infections can involve:

• Keeping ears dry
• Regular hand washing
• Avoiding touching ears
• Staying away from allergens and irritants
• Keeping up with vaccinations

To reduce the risk of ear infections, keep your ears dry and avoid exposure to water, especially from pools or baths. Regular hand washing and avoiding touching your ears can help prevent infections. Staying away from known allergens and irritants can also reduce the risk.

When Should You See an Audiologist?

You should see an audiologist if :

• Symptoms Last Longer Than a Few Days
• Severe Pain
• Significant Hearing Loss
• High Fever

It's important to consult an audiologist if symptoms of an ear infection persist beyond a few days or if they worsen. Severe symptoms like intense pain, significant hearing loss, or high fever should prompt a medical visit. For children, especially those with severe discomfort or ongoing ear problems, an audiologist visit is crucial to ensure proper treatment and prevent complicati